Policy analysis in the criminal justice system includes cost-benefit analysis, environmental impact assessment, risk assessment, and impact analysis. According to Stuart Shapiro’s research, there are striking similarities between the different types of analyses. In particular, the roles that various governmental and non-governmental institutions play in influencing policy decisions are crucial. Politics play a role in criminal justice processes by determining the amount of leeway that analysts have to influence decisions. The legal construction of analytical requirements is also essential to the role analysis plays in policymaking. The role of policy analysis in the criminal justice system is assisting with decision-making, rather than a right-answer mechanism.
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THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND HOW CRIMINAL JUSTICE WORKS
The criminal justice system is a set of agencies and processes established by governments to control crime. The system additionally imposes penalties on those who violate the law. There is no single criminal justice system in the United States but rather many similar, individual systems. How the criminal justice system works in each area depends on the jurisdiction that is in charge. Different jurisdictions have different laws and ways of managing criminal justice processes. Most criminal justice systems have five components, each playing a vital role in the criminal justice process. The components include law enforcement, prosecution, defense attorneys, courts, and corrections. The criminal justice process consists of four stages, with each stage containing its operations. In the first stage, which is the entry into the system, there is reporting, investigation, and arrest or citation. The steps are essential for policy analysis in the criminal justice systems.
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POLICY ANALYSIS AND CHALLENGES FACED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESSES
Strang identifies a range of issues affecting the implementation of criminal justice processes and especially restorative justice. The problems include upscaling following pilot programs, case flow problems, and safeguarding rights. Strang finds a common problem in successful pilot programs for which recommendations to implement more widely was not enacted. Government and policymakers affect policy analysis by supporting punitive approaches rather than therapeutic approaches to criminal justice. The government has cut funding for several restorative justice options, such as youth conferences, despite the program being considered successful. The impact of restorative justice on the rights of both offenders and victims is in questioning since its introduction. The challenges faced by policy analysis in the criminal justice system hinder the effectiveness of the policies.
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