This dissertation discusses the branches of psychology and theories of psychology. The history of psychology encompasses its origin and major philosophers. Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. In a philosophical context, psychology was around thousands of years ago in ancient Greece, Egypt, India, Persia, and China. Sigmund Freud founded the field of psychodynamic, one of the branches of psychology. In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt, Germany, founded psychology as an independent experimental field of study and set up the first laboratory at Leipzig University. He is considered the father of psychology. Ivan Pavlov, introducing the concept of “conditioning.” These philosophers also contributed to the theories of psychology e.g. behaviorism theory by John B. Watson.
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THE MAIN BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
The Branches of psychology are; Clinical psychology integrates science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and relieve problems with adjustment, disability, and discomfort. Firstly, developmental psychology studies the systematic psychological changes that a person experiences over the life span. Evolutionary psychology looks at how human behavior has been affected by psychological adjustments during evolution. Forensic psychology involves applying psychology to criminal investigation and the law. Cognitive psychology investigates internal mental processes, such as problem solving, memory, learning, and language. This was therefore an important concept in the history of psychology. Health psychology observes how behavior, biology, and social context influence illness and health. Neuropsychology looks at the structure and function of the brain concerning behaviors and psychological processes. Lastly, social psychology uses scientific methods to understand how social influences impact human behavior. The branches of psychology are related to specific theories of psychology.
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THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY AND THEIR MAIN CONCEPTS
The most common theories of psychology are behaviorism, a theory based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Advocated by JB. Watson and Skinner. Cognitive theories focused on internal states, such as motivation, problem-solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention. Such theories strive to explain different mental processes including how the mind processes information. Humanistic theories emphasizes the basic goodness of human beings contributed by Carl Rogers and Maslow. The history of psychology also includes the theories of psychology. Personality psychology looks at the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that make a person unique. E.g. the trait theory of personality. Social theories focused on helping us understand and explain social behavior. They are generally centered on specific social phenomena, including group behavior, social influence, etc. In conclusion most theories of psychology focus on specific branches of psychology.
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