Enuresis and encopresis as elimination disorders in children manifest in childhood or adolescence. The disorder includes repeated voiding of urine and encopresis that is inappropriate for the developmental age. Risk factors of elimination disorder is a history of other psychiatric disorders or psychosocial stressors. The diagnosis is established based on enuresis occurring two times per week for at least three consecutive months. The diagnosis of encopresis is the occurrence of once per month for at least three straight months. Enuresis management consists of psychoeducation, behavioral training, and pharmacologic treatment with desmopressin or imipramine. Enuresis and encopresis as elimination disorders in children have a good prognosis with high rates of spontaneous remission.

FACTS ABOUT ELIMINATION DISORDERS IN CHILDREN

Enuresis and encopresis as elimination disorders in children involve inappropriate elimination of urine or feces. Additionally, the disorder’s first diagnosis occurs in childhood or adolescence. The group of disorders includes enuresis and encopresis. Subtypes are the risk factors of elimination disorder for differentiating nocturnal from diurnal. Although there are minimum age requirements for the diagnosis of both disorders, developmental age is the main base. Both disorders may be voluntary or involuntary. Although enuresis and encopresis typically occur separately, co-occurrence is frequent.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AD AND HD DISORDERS AND ENURESIS AND ENCOPRESIS DISORDERS

Enuresis and encopresis as elimination disorders in children affect children’s psychosocial functioning. Of the numerous behavior disorders studied in children, attention-deficit or hyperactivity disorder may be the most common. Studies have estimated AD and HD incidences as high as 7.4% to 16% in the school-aged population. Furthermore, idiopathic enuresis that has the same risk factors of elimination disorder, according to reports, has increased percentage-wise. Encopresis, although less common, has historically been reported to occur in 1% to 3% of primary school-aged children. The psychosocial impact of nocturnal enuresis is minimal in pre-pubescent children but significantly impacting older children. Attention difficulties, more reduced school performance is some of the effects of enuresis and encopresis.

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