Disaster risk management is an important component of public health emergencies. Disaster risk management is the application of disaster risk reduction strategies and policies to prevent new occurrences of disasters. Additionally, these policies reduce existing disaster risks and manage residual risk. The disaster risk management has three broad categories; corrective disaster risk management, compensatory risk disaster management, and prospective disaster risk management. Public health emergencies are events that occur as either planned, accidentally, or naturally and inflict massive property damage, render casualties and threaten people’s sense of security.
THE TYPES OF PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES
There are three main categories of public health emergencies. First, mana made emergencies which include bioterrorism whereby terrorists spread lethal diseases hence cause harm to the public, also, chemical release, fires, and radiations from various sources are man-made emergencies. Second, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, extreme heat, tornadoes, and lightning that occur form extreme weather conditions. In these cases, disaster risk management strategies are important to reduce or prevent damages. Lastly, pandemics and health-related outbreaks also fall into this broad class. Scientists are therefore putting in place measures to prevent the occurrence of disasters in disaster-prone areas.
THE IMPORTANCE OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
Disaster risk management is important in the following ways. It ensures disaster risk reduction by making it a local and national priority to prevent the occurrence of disasters. Also, it identifies, assesses, and monitors disaster risks hence ensure early warning systems for the occurrence of disasters that reduces public health emergencies. Subsequently, it provides knowledge, innovation, and education on how to build a culture of safety and resilience from national to local levels. Nevertheless, it reduces the underlying risk factors through monitoring and evaluation of disasters to understand the root cause. Lastly, it strengthens disaster preparedness among people hence ensures effective responses and recovery.
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