This essay discusses the stages of human development and human development theories.
Human development refers to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of humans throughout the lifespan. There are eight stages of human development. Consequently, the main phases are infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Moreover, there are three aspects of human development. For instance, Physical development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness. Also, Cognitive development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity, while psychosocial development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships. Notably, different philosophers argued the various human development theories. The latter includes Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Personality, Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory, and Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. These theories are the pillars that promote a greater understanding of human development.
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THE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
There are eight stages of human development over a lifespan. They are Prenatal Development, Infancy, Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, Adolescence, Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Late Adulthood, and death. Consequently, prenatal development involves the conception and development of the newborn up to birth. Secondly, infancy is typically the first year of life. Many physical milestones occur during this period. Thirdly, the childhood period is where the children start to explore and develop a sense of independence. Fourthly, adolescence is a period of dramatic cognitive and physical changes marked by an overall physical growth spurt and sexual maturation. Thus, the aspects of human development are relevant in this period. Fifthly, adulthood entails a few somatic changes and critical emotional development. Lastly, death is the end of life. In conclusion, human development theories fostered the progression of these stages.
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THE ASPECTS AND THE THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
The aspects of human development occur throughout the phases. For instance, Physical development also includes brain development, height, and weight, Cognitive development includes mental processes, thinking, learning, and understanding, while psychosocial development involves emotions, personality, self-esteem, and relationships. Providently, there are several human development theories by different philosophers. First, Sigmund Freud described personality development as a series of stages. He believed that personality and behavior patterns developed during varying ages in childhood. Secondly, Lawrence Kohlberg proposed that people pass through three levels of moral development according to the level of cognitive development. Thirdly, Erik Erikson believed that personality development happens over the entire course of a person’s life. Thus, he proposed a theory that describes eight distinct stages of development. Lastly, Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory divided children’s lives into four separate categories, based on the changes in their thought processes.
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