This dissertation examines non-intrusive research approaches and the types of observational research. Many researchers consider ethics and the benefits of using non-intrusive research to gather data. The measures are usually discrete, harmless, and inexpensive. This enhances the reliability of the collected data. Researchers also get the opportunity to be present to accept the information provided by respondents. However, there are some disadvantages associated with non-intrusive research. Some include the distortion of original records and selective recording by observers with different interests, biases and backgrounds. Sources of non-intrusive data include audio-visual records, written records, and simple observations. A simple observation offers an opportunity for data collection for the researcher as a detached onlooker.
non-intrusive research approaches and the types of observational research
VARIATIONS IN THE TYPES OF OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH
Observation is arguably the most suitable form of non-intrusive research. In this paper, we will discuss three types of observational research. They include controlled observations, naturalistic observations, and participant observations. Controlled observations are structured and usually take place in laboratories and other controlled environments. Thus, with controlled observations, researchers take time to study data which is easy to analyze and quantify. However, there is the issue of data validity of observation as a source of non-intrusive data. If participants are aware of the observation, it may affect the research findings. Lastly, naturalistic observations take place in natural environments, usually conducted by market researchers.
variations in the types of observational research
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN NON-INTRUSIVE RESEARCH
Researchers must be ethical when approaching the sources of non-intrusive data. The point of conducting non-intrusive research is to avoid conflicts that may invalidate research findings. Here, the basic principle of ‘no harm’ should always apply. When using audio-visual records, researchers need permission to view and use, analyze, and publish the content. For written records, researchers must be careful about what they comment from the results of any types of observational research. This, therefore, includes being careful not to misrepresent data and breach copyright regulations. There might be privacy and consent problems for simple observations, especially for crowds. Researchers must be careful when observing and recording private acts done in public as well.
ethical considerations in non-intrusive research
Additional attachments
>> Download