The evolution, distribution, and management of herbicide-resistant weeds is a challenge to farmers all around the world. Some weeds are multiple herbicide-resistant. Multiple herbicide-resistant weeds are weeds that cannot be controlled by two or more herbicides. This occurs even when one applies herbicides with different sites of action at labeled rates. Meaning, the weed species have acquired resistance against herbicides with different chemistries. Multiple resistance is usually one of the effects of overreliance or continuous use of one herbicide over time, for instance. In this paper, I will be concentrating on multiple resistant weeds known as Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri). Also, I will discuss the herbicide group that the weed is resistant to and the herbicide mode of action.
Herbicide Resistance weed status of the Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats.)
Palmer Amaranths are multiple herbicide-resistant weeds, and among the most troublesome weeds in agronomic production. This weed is common in the united states. Its resistance to herbicides is one of the effects of overreliance or continuous use of one herbicide over time. Over the years, Palmer Amaranth has grown resistant to at least five modes of action of herbicides. These include microtubule-, PSII-, ALS-, EPSPS, and HPPD- inhibitors. Since there no recent commercialization of herbicides with new modes of action, the weed remains a threat in the US. Examples of herbicides that palmer amaranth is resistant to include AAtrex, Calliston, Laudis, Impact, and Armerzon.
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Resistance mechanism and inheritance of Herbicide-resistant weed- Palmer amaranth
Resistance to herbicides, especially in multiple herbicide-resistant weeds, is generally as a result of inherited genes that govern this resistance. Glyphosate was commercialized in 1974 and used widely to control weeds. This is because it was effective, cheap, and sage to the environment. With the widespread use of glyphosate, the effects of overreliance or continuous use of one herbicide over time were inevitable. To date, 13 weed species, including Palmer amaranth, grew resistant to glyphosate. The evolution of these weeds poses a great risk to the production of glyphosate-resistant crops. Therefore, In herbicide-resistant weeds is crucial to study the number of genes involved, their interactions, and the flow among populations. By doing so, researchers can come up with new modes of action of herbicides.
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