Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder, and causes of Autism spectrum disorder are unclear. ASD begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person’s life. It also affects how a person acts and interacts with others, communicates, and learns. It includes what used to be known as Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorders. Individual differences in a particular phenotype can, therefore, explain how ASD comes to be in children. ASD is a “spectrum” disorder because people with ASD can have a range of symptoms. Lastly, there is a need to have more research on ASD as it can be devastating.
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CAUSES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND THEORIES EXPLAIN THE DISORDER
There are no known causes of autism spectrum disorder, and this complicates the method of treatment. However, there is a general acceptance that abnormalities in brain structure or function are the leading cause. There are differences in the construction of the brain in children with autism compared to neurotypical children. Additionally, individual differences in a particular phenotype exist, as seen with the brain scans of children with autism. Researchers are searching for irregular segments of genetic code that children with autism may have inherited. To make significant steps in treating ASD, more research on the causes of the disease is necessary.
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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN A PARTICULAR PHENOTYPE AND FINDINGS OF GENETIC RESEARCH
Individual differences in a particular phenotype are existent, as seen in the brain scans of children with ASD. According to genetic and epidemiological data, ASD relatives present personality traits similar to, features of ASD. Researchers refer to this as the “Broader Autism Phenotype” (BAP). BAP features seem to be more prevalent in first-degree relatives of individuals with ASD than in the general population. The causes of autism spectrum disorder require an analysis of the phenotypes of children with ASD. Characterizing brain profiles of relatives of autistic probands may help to understand ASD endophenotype. Lastly, Autism spectrum disorder represents a tough challenge in identifying the causes of the disorder.
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